In the example below, I’ve written a simple Python script that demonstrates and handles various built-in exceptions. This script involves file operations, data processing, and basic user input to trigger and handle several common exceptions.

Example Code

def main():
    try:
        # File operation exception
        file_path = input("Enter the path of the file to read: ")
        with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
            print(file.read())

        # Import module exception
        import some_unknown_module

        # KeyError and TypeError
        data = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
        key = input("Enter the key to access: ")
        print("Value:", data[int(key)])  # Triggers KeyError and TypeError

        # ValueError
        number = int(input("Enter an integer number: "))

        # ZeroDivisionError
        print("100 divided by your number is:", 100 / number)

    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("Error: The file was not found.")
    except ImportError:
        print("Error: The module does not exist.")
    except KeyError:
        print("Error: The key does not exist in the dictionary.")
    except ValueError:
        print("Error: Invalid input. Please enter a valid integer.")
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        print("Error: Division by zero is not allowed.")
    except TypeError as e:
        print("Error: Type error -", e)
    except Exception as e:
        print("An unexpected error occurred:", e)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Exception Handling Explained

1. FileNotFoundError
   Raised when the open() function fails to find the file path entered by the user.

2. ImportError
   Triggered when attempting to import a module that does not exist.

3. KeyError and TypeError

• KeyError: Raised when trying to access a dictionary with a key that does not exist.

• TypeError: Raised when using an incorrect type, such as attempting to use an integer as a dictionary key when it expects a string.

4. ValueError
   Occurs when a user enters a non-integer value that the program attempts to convert to an integer.

5. ZeroDivisionError
   Triggered when the user inputs 0 as a divisor.

6. General Exception
   Captures any other exceptions not explicitly handled by the preceding exception blocks.

Benefits of This Script

This script is a practical example of how to identify and handle multiple common exceptions in real-world programs. The use of appropriate error messages provides feedback to the user, improving the program’s robustness and user experience without crashing the program.